在双脉冲光刺激下瞳孔系统的采样控制特性

本文用实验揭示了瞳孔对光动态反应具有采样控制特性。实验中采用各种不同时间间隔的双脉冲光,以开环的方式(Maxwellian View)刺激瞳孔,当双脉冲之间间隔较长时,瞳孔反应相当于对双脉冲光的两次脉冲分别产生瞬态收缩;当双脉冲时间间隔短于0.6s 时,其反应就成了一次瞬态收缩,与单个光脉冲所引起的瞳孔反应一样。同—受试者的多次实验结果相同,不同受试者所得结果也基本一致。故瞳孔对脉冲刺激光引起反应后,必须至少约隔0.6s 才能对另一次脉冲光产生反应,这就说明了瞳孔动态反应具有离散的采样控制特性。实验还进一步证明,瞳孔系统的控制机制是双重模式的控制:不同的刺激条件下,瞳孔反应可呈现为瞬态反应(AC)或持续反应(DC),瞬态反应的 AC 通道为离散的采样控制,持续反应的 DC 通道为连续控制。     

心房钠尿因子对麻醉家兔局部血流的影响

在42只麻醉家兔,观察了静脉注射心房肽Ⅱ(AtriopeptinⅡ,APⅡ)对局部血流量以及动脉内注射 AP Ⅱ 对局部血管阻力的影响。结果如下:(1)静脉注射 APⅡ(30μg/kg)5min后,平均动脉压(MAP)降低11.0±1.5mmHg(n=8,M±SE,下同),与溶剂对照组相比有明显差异(P相似文献   

Search for the optimal sequence of the ribosome binding site by random oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis.

Synthetic DNA duplexes corresponding to the ribosome binding site (RBS) were synthesized through the phosphite method on solid support. The synthetic RBS DNA with partial random sequences was inserted into an appropriate site between the lpp-lac promoter and the beta-galactosidase structural gene in plasmid pMKT2. The level of beta-galactosidase expression was correlated with the color intensity of the recombinant colonies on X-gal plates. The bluest colonies were isolated and characterized with respect to beta-galactosidase enzyme activity and RBS sequence. There was good correlation between color intensity and the level of the enzyme activity, and this provided a reliable phenotypic screening method in the search for the optimal regulatory sequences. Novel RBS sequences obtained here show not only the unique nucleotide distribution, but also strong complemetarity to the 3' end region of 16S rRNA, from which could be deduced a generalized RBS sequence, the position of the SD region, and the 16S rRNA position mediated during translation initiation.     

急性心肌缺血对血液流变学和心脏收缩功能改变的影响

在麻醉开胸狗观察了急性心肌缺血对血液流变学和心脏收缩功能改变的影响。在阻断狗前降支冠脉1h内,血液流变学各参数发生异常变化,表现为高、低切变率下全血粘度(ηbh、ηb1)、血浆粘度、血细胞压积和纤维蛋白原升高,红细胞电泳时间缩短。同步描记心电、心音和颈动脉搏动图而记录的心脏收缩时间间期,表现为射血前期(PEP)延长、左室射血时间(LVET)缩短和PEP/LVET比值增大。此外,动脉舒张压(DAP)升高,心输出量(CO)减少。上述各参数均与对照值有明显差异,P<0.05。缺血40min时,对ηb1和PEP/LVET或DAP进行相关分析,呈明显正相关,P<0.05;ηb1和CO呈明显负相关,P<0.01。结果提示,心肌缺血后发生的血液流变学异常变化,具有增加射血阻力和减少心输出量的作用。     

哺乳动物不活动化肌纤维的动作电位

用河豚毒素(TTX)慢性阻断大鼠坐骨神经的冲动传导,使后肢不活动,经过不同时间(最长7d)后离体观察了快肌伸趾长肌(EDL)和慢肌比目鱼肌(SOL)肌纤维终板区的诱发动作电位。我们发现在不活动期间动作电位超射和上升速率逐步下降,并从第4天起部分肌纤维能在含有1×10~(-7)g/ml TTX的溶液中被诱发产生动作电位(称抗TTX动作电位),待至第7天时全部SOL肌纤维和90％的EDL肌纤维都能被诱发出抗TTX动作电位。与去神经肌纤维相比,不仅抗TTX动作电位出现较晚,并且其超射和上升速率较低。在去掉TTX阻断使肌肉恢复活动后,动作电位超射和上升速率渐趋恢复,抗TTX动作电位逐渐消失。无论是动作电位的恢复还是抗TTX动作电位的消失,EDL肌纤维均快于SOL肌纤维。本文还讨论了不活动化使肌纤维动作电位变化以及快、慢肌差别的可能原因。     

锌和铜在生长抑素对链佐霉素引起的胰岛B细胞损伤的保护中的作用

我们以前的工作指出,生长抑素可以预防链佐霉素对大鼠胰岛B细胞的损伤。本工作测定给药前后大鼠血清和组织中Zn、Cu含量,以进一步观察链佐霉素破坏大鼠胰岛B细胞后生长抑素预防效应的可能机制。结果为:链佐霉素(STZ)(35mg/kg,ip)注射后24h的大鼠,血清Zn浓度下降,Cu浓度升高,Zn/Cu比值倒置;用生长抑素作预防性注射后,血清Zn浓度与正常对照水平相同,Cu浓度虽稍有升高,但Zn/Cu比值正常。保护组的血清Zn与损伤组比较,差异极为显著。两组的Zn/Cu比值同样也具有显著差异。在给药后72h,血清Zn/Cu比值在各组之间仍呈上述关系,但差异减小。在大鼠胰腺,注射链佐霉素后胰腺组织Zn浓度未见改变,但生长抑素作预防性注射可使组织锌含量增加。上述结果提示,在生长抑素对胰岛B细胞的保护机制中可能有Zn和Cu的参与。预防性注射生长抑素所引起的高Zn状态可能有利于机体细胞含Zn酶类的活性,增强已损伤细胞的修复。     

Genetic organization and nucleotide sequence of the stability locus of IncFII plasmid NR1

The stability (stb) locus of IncFII plasmid NR1 was mapped to a 1700 base-pair NaeI-TaqI restriction fragment. A series of unstable plasmids that contained insertion, deletion, and point mutations that inactivated the stability function was isolated. The unstable point mutants examined were all stabilized (complemented) in trans by a copy of the wild-type stb locus, suggesting that the mutations had inactivated diffusible gene products. The nucleotide sequence of the stb locus contained two tandem open reading frames, designated stbA and stbB, that encoded essential trans-acting protein products with predicted sizes of 36,000 Mr and 13,000 Mr, respectively. A third open reading frame, stbC, that could encode a peptide of 8000 Mr was contained within stbB in the complementary DNA strand. Plasmid-encoded proteins of 36,000 Mr and 13,000 Mr were identified in minicell experiments as the products of stbA and stbB, respectively. Unstable deletion mutants that retained the promoter proximal region of the stb locus upstream from stbA but had deleted both stbA and stbB were stabilized in trans by plasmids that could supply StbA and StbB. In contrast, deletion mutants that had lost the stbAB promoter region were not complemented in trans, indicating that this region contained an essential cis-acting site (or sites). Unlike some other loci that mediate stable plasmid inheritance, cloned copies of the wild-type stb locus of NR1 did not exert strong incompatibility (i.e. trans destabilization) against other stb+ derivatives of plasmid NR1 present in the same cell.     

中国灵芝科的分类研究 Ⅸ.树舌亚属(Subgenus Elfvingia(Karst.)Imazeki)

树舌亚属是灵芝属(Ganoderma)的重要组成部分。因许多分类学家对这一类群真菌的分类有不同的处理,所以对它的分类地位时有变动。全面论述这一类群真菌的著作也比较少。现作者比较详细地研究了中国的本亚属标本,综合各国专家历年的论著,对于它的历史与分类地位,宏观与微观特性以及亚属的范围作了比较全面的论述。并有亚属描述和中国已知种检索表。另外报道了2新种(Ganoderma meijiangense Zhao sp.nov.;G.shangsienseZhao sp.nov.),1中国新记录和1疑问种。全部研究标本都保藏于中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室。